ASSESSMENT OF A SIMPLE EXTRACTION METHOD TO DETERMINE THE BIOACCESSIBILITY OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC Tl, As, Pb, Cu, Zn AND Cd IN SOILS CONTAMINATED BY MINING-METALLURGICAL WASTE

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Yusniel Cruz-Hernández
Alicia Santana-Silva
Mario Villalobos
Francisco Romero
Elizabeth Hernández-Álvarez
Teresa Pi-Puig

Resumen

The potential to determine the gastric bioaccessibility (BA) of Tl, As, Pb(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) using a simple extraction method was evaluated in selected samples from soils contaminated by mining and metallurgical wastes. The SBRC (Solubility and Bioavailability Research Consortium) test was used as a gastric BA comparative method versus a simple extraction method using HCl solution at pH 1.5. High correlations (r ≥ 0.98, p ˂ 0.01) were obtained between the two extraction methods for Cd(II), Cu(II), Tl and Zn(II), in all samples investigated. Bioaccessible As, however, only showed a high correlation in the metallurgical area (r = 0.99, p ˂ 0.01), but not in the mining area (r = 0.88, p ˂ 0.01). Conversely, Pb(II) showed a better correlation in samples from the mining area (r = 0.99, p ˂ 0.01) than in those of the metallurgical area (r = 0.92, p ˂ 0.01). Three experimental conditions of the extraction procedures ensured the high correlations observed: (1) Maintaining a strict pH control of 1.5 (± 0.1), (2) a stirring time of 1 h (± 1 min), and (3) filtration of the extraction mixture through a membrane of small pore size (0.05 µm). Bioaccessible Tl was detected in all samples, a fact that has not been reported before in these environments, and alerts to potential health risks not previously identified.

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Biografía del autor/a

Yusniel Cruz-Hernández, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Estudiante de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Tierra, Laboratorio de Geoquímica Ambiental, Insituto de Geologia, UNAM

Alicia Santana-Silva, Laboratorio de Geoquímica Ambiental, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.

DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOQUIMICA. INSTITUTO DE GEOLOGIA. UNAM

Mario Villalobos, Laboratorio de Geoquímica Ambiental, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.

PROFESOR. DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOQUIMICA. INSTITUTO DE GEOLOGIA. UNAM

Francisco Romero, Laboratorio de Geoquímica Ambiental, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.

 

INVESTIGADOR TITULAR. DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOQUIMICA. INSTITUTO DE GEOLOGIA. UNAM

Elizabeth Hernández-Álvarez, Laboratorio de ICP-MS, Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.

LABORATORIO DE ICP-MS. INSTITUTO DE GEOFISICA.UNAM

Teresa Pi-Puig, Laboratorio de DRX, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.

LABORATORIO DE DRX. DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOQUIMICA. INSTITUTO DE GEOLOGIA. UNAM

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