HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS IN POTABLE GROUNDWATER SOURCES OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS, SOUTHERN PUNJAB (PAKISTAN)

Contenido principal del artículo

Muhammad Sarfraz
Nargis Sultana
Muhammad Ilyas Tariq

Resumen

Drinking water quality is considered to be of vital importance for all human beings and animals but its significance is much more heightened when consumer is a teenager. In view of foregone, groundwater quality assessment of 150 public schools situated in flooded areas of Southern Punjab, Pakistan, was carried out. Analysis results revealed that 49 and 37 % water samples are contaminated with coliform and faecal coliforms, respectively. On the other hand chemicals constituents in samples, including calcium (43 %), magnesium (11 %), potassium (37 %), sodium (31 %), sulphate (39 %), hardness (31 %), total dissolved solids (TDS) (35 %) and chloride (15 %) were higher than World Health Organization (WHO) limits. The situation is more serious as fluoride, iron and arsenic were also found in high concentration in 15, 60 and 58 % samples, respectively. Health risk assessment data indicated that mean chronic daily intake (CDI) values for children and adults were 0.592 and 0.537 μg/kg/day for arsenic and 0.012 and 0.011 μg/kg/day for iron, respectively. Calculated arsenic health risk index (HRI) > 1 for 88 and 58 % water samples for children and adults respectively, which highlights possible health risks associated with intake of contaminated water.

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Detalles del artículo

Biografía del autor/a

Muhammad Sarfraz, PCRWR, Ministry of Science & Technology, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

Research Officer

Nargis Sultana, Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

Assistant Professor

Muhammad Ilyas Tariq, Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

Professor, Department of Chemistry

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